Carmine is produced by extracting carminic acid from dried female cochineal insects and precipitating it with aluminium to form a stable lake pigment. It is one of the most lightfast and heat-stable natural red colourants.
It provides vivid crimson at neutral-to-alkaline pH and orange-red at acidic pH. Widely used in dairy, confectionery, beverages, processed meats and cosmetics. Not suitable for vegan/vegetarian products.