L. Delbrueckii subsp.
Lactis Postbiotics are produced by high-density fermentation, concentration, heat inactivation at 85 °C for 30 minutes, and spray drying. The resulting powder contains the intact cell structures (peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, exopolysaccharides) and metabolic products (lactic acid, short-chain fatty acids, bacteriocins) that retain immune-modulating, gut-barrier-strengthening, and anti-inflammatory activities.