Maleic acid is the cis-isomer of butenedioic acid, produced industrially by the catalytic oxidation of benzene or butane to maleic anhydride, followed by hydration. It is a white, crystalline solid with a strong acidic taste and is highly soluble in water.
While maleic acid itself has limited direct food applications compared to its trans-isomer fumaric acid, it serves as an important intermediate in the synthesis of food-grade chemicals and additives. In food processing, maleic acid is used in controlled quantities as a pH adjuster and acidulant in specific applications. The ingredient is also employed in the production of food-contact materials including resins and coatings used in food packaging.
