PQQ Disodium Salt is produced by microbial fermentation (Methylovorus, Hyphomicrobium) or chemical synthesis.
This yields a red-brown crystalline salt. As a redox cofactor, PQQ stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC-1α activation, protects mitochondria from oxidative damage, supports nerve growth factor synthesis, and is used in cutting-edge longevity, cognitive-health and cellular-energy supplements.