Epsilon-poly-L-lysine is a homopolymer of L-lysine linked through epsilon-amino and alpha-carboxyl groups, produced by aerobic fermentation of Streptomyces albulus. It is a cationic antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
Unlike many chemical preservatives, epsilon-poly-L-lysine is biodegradable and effective across a wide pH range from 3 to 9. It functions by electrostatically disrupting microbial cell membranes, leading to rapid cell death. As a naturally derived antimicrobial, it is increasingly favored in clean-label food formulations where consumers demand fewer synthetic additives.
