Silymarin is a standardized complex of flavonolignans extracted from the seeds (achenes) of Silybum marianum (milk thistle). The complex comprises silybin A and B (the most active components), isosilybin A and B, silychristin, and silydianin. Extraction uses ethanol or ethyl acetate methods followed by purification.
Silymarin is the most extensively researched and clinically validated natural hepatoprotectant, acting through multiple mechanisms: free radical scavenging, membrane stabilization, protein synthesis stimulation, and anti-fibrotic activity. It is pharmacopeial-grade in USP, EP, and WHO monographs. Commercially, silymarin dominates the liver health supplement category worldwide.